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Kinase 4: Classification and Structure of Kinases (PKA)
Cell biology

Kinase 4: Classification and Structure of Kinases (PKA)

Kinases Phosphorylation has been defined. The enzymes that catalyze this phosphorylation are called kinases. Therefor…

Kinase 3: Phosphate derivatives, Ester Bonds, and Phosphorylation
Basic Chemistry

Kinase 3: Phosphate derivatives, Ester Bonds, and Phosphorylation

Chemical aspects of phosphoric acid Now let's take a closer look at phosphorus from a chemical perspective. Phospho…

Kinase 2: Post-translational Modification of Proteins and Protein Phosphorylation
Cell biology

Kinase 2: Post-translational Modification of Proteins and Protein Phosphorylation

Phosphorylation of proteins Phosphorus, or more precisely phosphate, plays various roles and is found at multiple sites…

Kinase 1: Phosphorus (P), phosphoric acid and phosphate.
Basic Chemistry

Kinase 1: Phosphorus (P), phosphoric acid and phosphate.

Chemical element with atomic number 15 Phosphorus (P) is an essential mineral that exists in all living cells of both…

Excitatory/Inhibitory Neurotransmitter Action Potentials: EPSP, IPSP.(w/summation)
Cell biology

Excitatory/Inhibitory Neurotransmitter Action Potentials: EPSP, IPSP.(w/summation)

In the previous article, we looked at the process by which neurons generate action potentials and transmit signals. We …

Generation of Action Potentials in Neurons: Electrochemical Signals
Cell biology

Generation of Action Potentials in Neurons: Electrochemical Signals

In the previous article, it was mentioned that excitable cells, such as muscle cells, nerve cells, and some secretory c…

Cell Signalling: classification of signals based on the types and distance
Cell biology

Cell Signalling: classification of signals based on the types and distance

Humans are multicellular organisms.  Multicellular organisms have evolved significantly based on how efficiently they i…

Action Potentials: Aqueous Environment Inside the Cell and Ion Distribution
Cell biology

Action Potentials: Aqueous Environment Inside the Cell and Ion Distribution

Background of the Human Body's Ability to Generate Electricity Now that we are already looking at the various ion c…

Membrane Transport proteins: ion channels, Sodium-Potassium Pump (Na+ K+ ATPase)
Cell biology

Membrane Transport proteins: ion channels, Sodium-Potassium Pump (Na+ K+ ATPase)

Movement of Substances from Extracellular Fluid to Cytoplasm Let’s explore how various substances present in the extrac…

ROS: Some Thoughts as Wrapping Up Research (minerals and vitamins)
antioxidant

ROS: Some Thoughts as Wrapping Up Research (minerals and vitamins)

As always, driven by curiosity, I started digging(?) free radicals. It was perhaps a reckless beginning, but it proved …

ROS: Antioxidant Network, the amazing regenerating system.
antioxidant

ROS: Antioxidant Network, the amazing regenerating system.

Lester Packer, a professor of biochemistry at the University of California, Berkeley, has dedicated his career to  anti…

ROS: Antioxidant Enzymes: SOD, Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Catalase.
Basic Biology

ROS: Antioxidant Enzymes: SOD, Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Catalase.

In the human body, the cascade of reactive oxygen species initiates with superoxide radicals, which then progress to pe…

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