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Nucleic Acids 13: Non-B DNA Structures (3): G-Quadruplex (G4) and i-Motif Structures
Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids 13: Non-B DNA Structures (3): G-Quadruplex (G4) and i-Motif Structures

When we think of DNA, the first image that comes to mind is, of course, the double helix. Two strands winding around ea…

Nucleic Acids 12: Non-B DNA Structures (2): DNA Triplexes
Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids 12: Non-B DNA Structures (2): DNA Triplexes

For DNA to move beyond its familiar double helix and take on various non-canonical structures, it cannot simply fold an…

Nucleic Acids 11: Non-B DNA Structures (1): Three Hydrogen-Bonding Edges and Repetitive Sequences
Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids 11: Non-B DNA Structures (1): Three Hydrogen-Bonding Edges and Repetitive Sequences

In the previous article, we took a close look at the three major forms of DNA, their characteristics, and how they diff…

Nucleic Acids 10: A-, B-, and Z-Form DNA Double-Helix Structures and the Structural Factors That Determine Them
Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids 10: A-, B-, and Z-Form DNA Double-Helix Structures and the Structural Factors That Determine Them

In the previous article, we looked at the two grooves formed along the surface of the DNA double helix: the major groov…

Nucleic Acids 9: DNA Structure — Major and Minor Grooves as Gateways for Protein Interactions
Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids 9: DNA Structure — Major and Minor Grooves as Gateways for Protein Interactions

In the previous two articles, we took a close look at the nitrogenous bases—the real heart of DNA, where genetic inform…

Nucleic Acids 8: Nitrogenous Bases (2) — Hydrogen Bonding and Base Stacking
Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids 8: Nitrogenous Bases (2) — Hydrogen Bonding and Base Stacking

The word “aromatic” does not exactly sound friendly or inviting. It almost makes you wonder whether it refers to some f…

Nucleic Acids 7: Nitrogenous Bases (1) — Aromatic Compounds
Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids 7: Nitrogenous Bases (1) — Aromatic Compounds

Structurally, RNA and DNA are very similar. Both are nucleic acids made of long chains of nucleotides, with nitrogenous…

Nucleic Acids 6: The World of RNA — From the RNA World Hypothesis to RNA Structure and the Emergence of DNA
Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids 6: The World of RNA — From the RNA World Hypothesis to RNA Structure and the Emergence of DNA

In the previous article, we looked at the structure of nucleotides, the basic building blocks of nucleic acids, and how…

Nucleic Acids 5: Nucleotides and the Formation of Nucleic Acid Chains
Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids 5: Nucleotides and the Formation of Nucleic Acid Chains

In the previous article, we looked at how DNA exists inside the cell nucleus. DNA is first wrapped around histone prote…

Nucleic Acids 4: The 3D Genome — Spatial Regulation of Transcription
Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids 4: The 3D Genome — Spatial Regulation of Transcription

In the previous article, Nucleic Acids 3: Same DNA, Different Cells — The Functional Organization of the Genome, we exp…

Nucleic Acids 3: Same DNA, Different Cells — The Functional Organization of the Genome
Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids 3: Same DNA, Different Cells — The Functional Organization of the Genome

In the previous article, Nucleic Acids 2, we looked at how cells maintain their identity and how they pass that identit…

Nucleic Acids 2: Cellular Identity, Mitosis in Somatic Cells, and Meiosis in Germ Cells
Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids 2: Cellular Identity, Mitosis in Somatic Cells, and Meiosis in Germ Cells

Cells function as independent units, carrying out their own metabolism and activities, while at the same time receiving…

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